三生9大优势:雪莱的诗里的“冬天已经来了,春天还会远吗”的英文原文
来源:百度文库 编辑:高考问答 时间:2024/08/29 11:58:28
谢谢。
这是雪莱的《西风颂》
1
哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!
你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,
有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:
黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,
呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你
以车驾把有翼的种子催送到
黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里,
像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,
直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起
她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,
(唤出嫩芽,象羊群一样,觅食空中)
将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;
破坏者兼保护者:听吧,你且聆听!
2
没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,
流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯
脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者:它们飘落
在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,
有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,
从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿
直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳
欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年
你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜
将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶,
里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;
那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌
黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:哦,你听!
3
是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,
而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,
被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,
就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,
它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁
在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,
而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,
那芬芳真迷人欲醉!呵,为了给你
让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波
把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底
那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林
虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;
听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:
一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:哦,你听!
4
哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,
假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,
是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,
假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如
你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!
假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞
便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空
(因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,
似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今
这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
哦,举起我吧,当我是水波、树叶、浮云!
我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了!
这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命
原是和你一样:骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
5
把我当作你的竖琴吧,有如树林:
尽管我的叶落了,那有什么关系!
你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐
将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意:
虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵,但愿你给予我
狂暴的精神!奋勇者呵,让我们合一!
请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落,
让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命!
哦,请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌,
就把我的话语,像是灰烬和火星
从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散!
让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇
把昏睡的大地唤醒吧!要是冬天
已经来了,西风呵,春日怎能遥远?
1819年
查良铮 译
Ode to the West Wind(西 风 颂)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
I
1 O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
2 Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
3 Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
4 Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
5 Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
6 Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
7 The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
8 Each like a corpse within its grave, until
9 Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
10 Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
11 (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
12 With living hues and odours plain and hill:
13 Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
14 Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
II
15 Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
16 Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
17 Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
18 Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
19 On the blue surface of thine a{:e}ry surge,
20 Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
21 Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
22 Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
23 The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge
24 Of the dying year, to which this closing night
25 Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
26 Vaulted with all thy congregated might
27 Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
28 Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!
III
29 Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
30 The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
31 Lull'd by the coil of his cryst{`a}lline streams,
32 Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
33 And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
34 Quivering within the wave's intenser day,
35 All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
36 So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
37 For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
38 Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
39 The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
40 The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
41 Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
42 And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!
IV
43 If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
44 If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;
45 A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share
46 The impulse of thy strength, only less free
47 Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
48 I were as in my boyhood, and could be
49 The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,
50 As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
51 Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
52 As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
53 Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
54 I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
55 A heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd
56 One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
V
57 Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
58 What if my leaves are falling like its own!
59 The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
60 Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
61 Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
62 My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
63 Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
64 Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth!
65 And, by the incantation of this verse,
66 Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth
67 Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
68 Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
69 The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
70 If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
一个秋日的午后,诗人雪莱在意大利佛罗伦萨近郊的树林里漫步。突然狂风大作,乌云翻滚。到了傍晚,暴风雨夹带着冰雹雷电倾盆而下,荡涤着大地,震撼着人间。大自然威武雄壮的交响乐,触发了诗人的灵感,他奋笔疾书,谱写了不朽的抒情短诗《西风颂》。这是1819年的事情。
当时,欧洲各国的工人运动和革命运动风起云涌。英国工人阶级为了争取自身的生存权利,正同资产阶级展开英勇的斗争,捣毁机器和罢工事件接连不断。1819年8月,曼彻斯特八万工人举行了声势浩大的游行示威,反动当局竟出动军队野蛮镇压,制造了历史上著名的彼得卢大屠杀事件。雪莱满怀悲愤,写下了长诗《暴政的假面游行》,对资产阶级政府的血腥暴行提出严正抗议。法国自拿破仑帝制崩溃、波旁王朝复辟以后,阶级矛盾异常尖锐,广大人民正酝酿着反对封建复辟势力的革命斗争。拿破仑帝国的解体也大大促进了西班牙人民反对异族压迫和封建专制的革命运动,1819年1月,终于响起了武装起义的枪声。就在武装起义的前夕,雪莱给西班牙人民献上了《颂歌》一首,为西班牙革命吹响了进军的号角。在意大利和希腊,民族解放运动方兴未艾,雪莱的《西风颂》发表不久,这两个国家也先后爆发了轰轰烈烈的武装起义。面对着欧洲山雨欲来风满楼的革命形势,雪莱为之鼓舞,为之振奋,诗人胸中沸腾着炽热的革命激情。这时,在一场暴风骤雨的自然景象的触发下,这种难以抑制的革命激情立刻冲出胸膛,一泻千里,化作激昂慷慨的歌唱:
你怒吼咆哮的雄浑交响乐中,
将有树林和我的深沉的歌唱,
我们将唱出秋声,婉转而忧愁。
精灵呀,让我变成你,猛烈、刚强!
把我僵死的思想驱散在宇宙,
像一片片的枯叶,以鼓舞新生;
请听从我这个诗篇中的符咒,
把我的话传给全世界的人,
犹如从不灭的炉中吹出火花!
雪莱在歌唱西风。他歌唱西风以摧枯拉朽的巨大力量扫除破败的残叶,无情地把那“黑的、惨红的、铅灰的,或者蜡黄,患瘟疫而死掉的一大群”垃圾扫除干净;他歌唱西风“在动乱的太空中掀起激流”,搅动着“浓云密雾”,呼唤着“电火、冰雹和黑的雨水”,“为这将逝的残年唱起挽歌”;他歌唱西风唤醒沉睡的浩翰大海,波涛汹涌,把一丛丛躲藏在海底深处的海树海花,吓得惊恐色变,“瑟瑟地发抖,纷纷凋谢”。雪莱歌唱西风,同时也在歌唱席卷整个欧洲的革命风暴。他歌唱革命运动正以排山倒海之势,雷霆万钧之力,横扫旧世界一切黑暗反动势力。革命运动风起云涌,一顶顶皇冠随风落地,一群群妖魔鬼怪望风逃遁,这正是当时欧洲革命形势的生动写照。
雪莱在歌唱西风。他歌唱西风“是破坏者,又是保护者”。他歌唱西风不仅扫除了残枝败叶,而且“送飞翔的种籽到它们的冬床”。待到来年春天,西风的妹妹——东风驾临大地,就会“蓓蕾儿吐馨”,“漫山遍野铺上了姹紫嫣红”,出现一个春光明媚的新世界。雪莱歌唱西风,同时也在歌唱革命。他和那些资产阶级凡夫俗子不同,他没有把革命简单地看作消极的破坏力量。他看到了革命一方面在扫除腐朽,无情地摧毁旧世界,另一方面又在“鼓舞新生”,积极地在创建着美好的新世界。尽管雪莱对新世界的理解还比较空泛,还不可能突破空想社会主义的水平。
雪莱在歌唱西风。但他不是冷眼旁观的歌者,他强烈地热爱西风,向往西风,他以西风自喻,西风是他的灵魂,他的肉体,诗人和西风合而为一:
如果我是任你吹的落叶一片;
如果我是随着你飞翔的云块;
如果是波浪,在你威力下急湍,
享受你神力的推动,自由自在,
几乎与你一样,啊,你难制的力!
再不然,如果能回返童年时代,
常陪伴着你在太空任意飘飞,
以为要比你更神速也非幻想;
那我就不致处此窘迫的境地,
向你苦苦求告:啊,快使我高扬,
像一片树叶、一朵云、一阵浪涛!
我碰上人生的荆棘,鲜血直淌!
时光的重负困住我,把我压倒,
我太像你了:难驯、迅速而骄傲。
这是雪莱在歌唱西风,同时在激励和鞭策自己。雪莱是一个热情的浪漫主义诗人,同时又是一个勇敢的革命战士,他以诗歌作武器,积极投身革命运动,经受过失败和挫折,但始终保持着高昂的战斗精神。他早年就赴爱尔兰参加民族解放斗争,回到英国后继续抨击暴政,鼓吹革命,同情和支持工人运动。因而受到资产阶级反动政府的迫害,不得不愤然离开自己的祖国。在旅居意大利期间,他与意大利“烧炭党”人和希腊革命志士来往密切,同情和支持他们的革命活动。在《西风颂》里,熔铸着雪莱坎坷的人生道路,倾注着雪莱对反动统治者的满腔愤恨,洋溢着雪莱不屈不挠的战斗精神,表达了雪莱献身革命的强烈愿望。
《西风颂》是秋天的歌,是时代的声音。19世纪初叶,科学社会主义还没有诞生,欧洲各国的工人运动还处在自发阶段,封建贵族和资产阶级的反动势力还很强大,“神圣同盟”的魔影正在到处游荡着。大地还没有苏醒,寒冬还在后头。所以,《西风颂》不免带有“婉转而忧愁”的调子。但作为社会主义思想的先驱,雪莱对革命前途和人类命运始终保持着乐观主义的坚定信念,他坚信正义必定战胜邪恶,光明必定代替黑暗。从总的倾向来看,《西风颂》的旋律又是“猛烈、刚强”的。诗人以“天才的预言家”的姿态向全世界大声宣告:
如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
《西风颂》是欧洲诗歌史上的艺术珍品。全诗共五节,由五首十四行诗组成。从形式上看,五个小节格律完整,可以独立成篇。从内容来看,它们又熔为一体,贯穿着一个中心思想。第一节描写西风扫除林中残叶,吹送生命的种籽。第二节描写西风搅动天上的浓云密雾,呼唤着暴雨雷电的到来。第三节描写西风掀起大海的汹涌波涛,摧毁海底花树。三节诗三个意境,诗人幻想的翅膀飞翔在树林、天空和大海之间,飞翔在现实和理想之间,形象鲜明,想象丰富,但中心思想只有一个,就是歌唱西风扫除腐朽、鼓舞新生的强大威力。从第四节开始,由写景转向抒情,由描写西风的气势转向直抒诗人的胸臆,抒发诗人对西风的热爱和向往,达到情景交融的境界,而中心思想仍然是歌唱西风。因此,结构严谨,层次清晰,主题集中,是《西风颂》一个突出的艺术特点。
其次,《西风颂》采用的是象征手法,整首诗从头至尾环绕着秋天的西风作文章,无论是写景还是抒情,都没有脱离这个特定的描写对象,没有使用过一句政治术语和革命口号。然而读了这首短诗以后,我们却深深感受到,雪莱在歌唱西风,又不完全是歌唱西风,诗人实质上是通过歌唱西风来歌唱革命。诗中的西风、残叶、种籽、流云、暴雨雷电、大海波涛、海底花树等等,都不过是象征性的东西,它们包含着深刻的寓意,大自然风云激荡的动人景色,乃是人间蓬勃发展的革命斗争的象征性反映。从这个意义上说,《西风颂》不是风景诗,而是政治抒情诗,它虽然没有一句直接描写革命,但整首诗都是在反映革命。尤其是结尾脍炙人口的诗句,既概括了自然现象,也深刻地揭示了人类社会的历史规律,指出了革命斗争经过艰难曲折走向胜利的光明前景,寓意深远,余味无穷,一百多年来成了人们广泛传诵的名言警句。
这是雪莱的《西风颂》
1
哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!
你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,
有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:
黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,
呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你
以车驾把有翼的种子催送到
黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里,
像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,
直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起
她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,
(唤出嫩芽,象羊群一样,觅食空中)
将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;
破坏者兼保护者:听吧,你且聆听!
2
没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,
流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯
脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者:它们飘落
在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,
有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,
从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿
直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳
欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年
你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜
将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶,
里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;
那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌
黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:哦,你听!
3
是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,
而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,
被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,
就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,
它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁
在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,
而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,
那芬芳真迷人欲醉!呵,为了给你
让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波
把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底
那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林
虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;
听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:
一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:哦,你听!
4
哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,
假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,
是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,
假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如
你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!
假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞
便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空
(因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,
似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今
这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
哦,举起我吧,当我是水波、树叶、浮云!
我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了!
这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命
原是和你一样:骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
5
把我当作你的竖琴吧,有如树林:
尽管我的叶落了,那有什么关系!
你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐
将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意:
虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵,但愿你给予我
狂暴的精神!奋勇者呵,让我们合一!
请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落,
让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命!
哦,请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌,
就把我的话语,像是灰烬和火星
从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散!
让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇
把昏睡的大地唤醒吧!要是冬天
已经来了,西风呵,春日怎能遥远?
1819年
查良铮 译
Ode to the West Wind(西 风 颂)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
I
1 O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
2 Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
3 Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
4 Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
5 Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
6 Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
7 The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
8 Each like a corpse within its grave, until
9 Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
10 Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
11 (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
12 With living hues and odours plain and hill:
13 Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
14 Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
II
15 Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
16 Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
17 Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
18 Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
19 On the blue surface of thine a{:e}ry surge,
20 Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
21 Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
22 Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
23 The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge
24 Of the dying year, to which this closing night
25 Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
26 Vaulted with all thy congregated might
27 Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
28 Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!
III
29 Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
30 The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
31 Lull'd by the coil of his cryst{`a}lline streams,
32 Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
33 And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
34 Quivering within the wave's intenser day,
35 All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
36 So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
37 For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
38 Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
39 The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
40 The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
41 Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
42 And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!
IV
43 If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
44 If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;
45 A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share
46 The impulse of thy strength, only less free
47 Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
48 I were as in my boyhood, and could be
49 The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,
50 As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
51 Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
52 As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
53 Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
54 I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
55 A heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd
56 One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
V
57 Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
58 What if my leaves are falling like its own!
59 The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
60 Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
61 Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
62 My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
63 Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
64 Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth!
65 And, by the incantation of this verse,
66 Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth
67 Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
68 Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
69 The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
70 If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
一个秋日的午后,诗人雪莱在意大利佛罗伦萨近郊的树林里漫步。突然狂风大作,乌云翻滚。到了傍晚,暴风雨夹带着冰雹雷电倾盆而下,荡涤着大地,震撼着人间。大自然威武雄壮的交响乐,触发了诗人的灵感,他奋笔疾书,谱写了不朽的抒情短诗《西风颂》。这是1819年的事情。
当时,欧洲各国的工人运动和革命运动风起云涌。英国工人阶级为了争取自身的生存权利,正同资产阶级展开英勇的斗争,捣毁机器和罢工事件接连不断。1819年8月,曼彻斯特八万工人举行了声势浩大的游行示威,反动当局竟出动军队野蛮镇压,制造了历史上著名的彼得卢大屠杀事件。雪莱满怀悲愤,写下了长诗《暴政的假面游行》,对资产阶级政府的血腥暴行提出严正抗议。法国自拿破仑帝制崩溃、波旁王朝复辟以后,阶级矛盾异常尖锐,广大人民正酝酿着反对封建复辟势力的革命斗争。拿破仑帝国的解体也大大促进了西班牙人民反对异族压迫和封建专制的革命运动,1819年1月,终于响起了武装起义的枪声。就在武装起义的前夕,雪莱给西班牙人民献上了《颂歌》一首,为西班牙革命吹响了进军的号角。在意大利和希腊,民族解放运动方兴未艾,雪莱的《西风颂》发表不久,这两个国家也先后爆发了轰轰烈烈的武装起义。面对着欧洲山雨欲来风满楼的革命形势,雪莱为之鼓舞,为之振奋,诗人胸中沸腾着炽热的革命激情。这时,在一场暴风骤雨的自然景象的触发下,这种难以抑制的革命激情立刻冲出胸膛,一泻千里,化作激昂慷慨的歌唱:
你怒吼咆哮的雄浑交响乐中,
将有树林和我的深沉的歌唱,
我们将唱出秋声,婉转而忧愁。
精灵呀,让我变成你,猛烈、刚强!
把我僵死的思想驱散在宇宙,
像一片片的枯叶,以鼓舞新生;
请听从我这个诗篇中的符咒,
把我的话传给全世界的人,
犹如从不灭的炉中吹出火花!
雪莱在歌唱西风。他歌唱西风以摧枯拉朽的巨大力量扫除破败的残叶,无情地把那“黑的、惨红的、铅灰的,或者蜡黄,患瘟疫而死掉的一大群”垃圾扫除干净;他歌唱西风“在动乱的太空中掀起激流”,搅动着“浓云密雾”,呼唤着“电火、冰雹和黑的雨水”,“为这将逝的残年唱起挽歌”;他歌唱西风唤醒沉睡的浩翰大海,波涛汹涌,把一丛丛躲藏在海底深处的海树海花,吓得惊恐色变,“瑟瑟地发抖,纷纷凋谢”。雪莱歌唱西风,同时也在歌唱席卷整个欧洲的革命风暴。他歌唱革命运动正以排山倒海之势,雷霆万钧之力,横扫旧世界一切黑暗反动势力。革命运动风起云涌,一顶顶皇冠随风落地,一群群妖魔鬼怪望风逃遁,这正是当时欧洲革命形势的生动写照。
雪莱在歌唱西风。他歌唱西风“是破坏者,又是保护者”。他歌唱西风不仅扫除了残枝败叶,而且“送飞翔的种籽到它们的冬床”。待到来年春天,西风的妹妹——东风驾临大地,就会“蓓蕾儿吐馨”,“漫山遍野铺上了姹紫嫣红”,出现一个春光明媚的新世界。雪莱歌唱西风,同时也在歌唱革命。他和那些资产阶级凡夫俗子不同,他没有把革命简单地看作消极的破坏力量。他看到了革命一方面在扫除腐朽,无情地摧毁旧世界,另一方面又在“鼓舞新生”,积极地在创建着美好的新世界。尽管雪莱对新世界的理解还比较空泛,还不可能突破空想社会主义的水平。
雪莱在歌唱西风。但他不是冷眼旁观的歌者,他强烈地热爱西风,向往西风,他以西风自喻,西风是他的灵魂,他的肉体,诗人和西风合而为一:
如果我是任你吹的落叶一片;
如果我是随着你飞翔的云块;
如果是波浪,在你威力下急湍,
享受你神力的推动,自由自在,
几乎与你一样,啊,你难制的力!
再不然,如果能回返童年时代,
常陪伴着你在太空任意飘飞,
以为要比你更神速也非幻想;
那我就不致处此窘迫的境地,
向你苦苦求告:啊,快使我高扬,
像一片树叶、一朵云、一阵浪涛!
我碰上人生的荆棘,鲜血直淌!
时光的重负困住我,把我压倒,
我太像你了:难驯、迅速而骄傲。
这是雪莱在歌唱西风,同时在激励和鞭策自己。雪莱是一个热情的浪漫主义诗人,同时又是一个勇敢的革命战士,他以诗歌作武器,积极投身革命运动,经受过失败和挫折,但始终保持着高昂的战斗精神。他早年就赴爱尔兰参加民族解放斗争,回到英国后继续抨击暴政,鼓吹革命,同情和支持工人运动。因而受到资产阶级反动政府的迫害,不得不愤然离开自己的祖国。在旅居意大利期间,他与意大利“烧炭党”人和希腊革命志士来往密切,同情和支持他们的革命活动。在《西风颂》里,熔铸着雪莱坎坷的人生道路,倾注着雪莱对反动统治者的满腔愤恨,洋溢着雪莱不屈不挠的战斗精神,表达了雪莱献身革命的强烈愿望。
《西风颂》是秋天的歌,是时代的声音。19世纪初叶,科学社会主义还没有诞生,欧洲各国的工人运动还处在自发阶段,封建贵族和资产阶级的反动势力还很强大,“神圣同盟”的魔影正在到处游荡着。大地还没有苏醒,寒冬还在后头。所以,《西风颂》不免带有“婉转而忧愁”的调子。但作为社会主义思想的先驱,雪莱对革命前途和人类命运始终保持着乐观主义的坚定信念,他坚信正义必定战胜邪恶,光明必定代替黑暗。从总的倾向来看,《西风颂》的旋律又是“猛烈、刚强”的。诗人以“天才的预言家”的姿态向全世界大声宣告:
如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
《西风颂》是欧洲诗歌史上的艺术珍品。全诗共五节,由五首十四行诗组成。从形式上看,五个小节格律完整,可以独立成篇。从内容来看,它们又熔为一体,贯穿着一个中心思想。第一节描写西风扫除林中残叶,吹送生命的种籽。第二节描写西风搅动天上的浓云密雾,呼唤着暴雨雷电的到来。第三节描写西风掀起大海的汹涌波涛,摧毁海底花树。三节诗三个意境,诗人幻想的翅膀飞翔在树林、天空和大海之间,飞翔在现实和理想之间,形象鲜明,想象丰富,但中心思想只有一个,就是歌唱西风扫除腐朽、鼓舞新生的强大威力。从第四节开始,由写景转向抒情,由描写西风的气势转向直抒诗人的胸臆,抒发诗人对西风的热爱和向往,达到情景交融的境界,而中心思想仍然是歌唱西风。因此,结构严谨,层次清晰,主题集中,是《西风颂》一个突出的艺术特点。
其次,《西风颂》采用的是象征手法,整首诗从头至尾环绕着秋天的西风作文章,无论是写景还是抒情,都没有脱离这个特定的描写对象,没有使用过一句政治术语和革命口号。然而读了这首短诗以后,我们却深深感受到,雪莱在歌唱西风,又不完全是歌唱西风,诗人实质上是通过歌唱西风来歌唱革命。诗中的西风、残叶、种籽、流云、暴雨雷电、大海波涛、海底花树等等,都不过是象征性的东西,它们包含着深刻的寓意,大自然风云激荡的动人景色,乃是人间蓬勃发展的革命斗争的象征性反映。从这个意义上说,《西风颂》不是风景诗,而是政治抒情诗,它虽然没有一句直接描写革命,但整首诗都是在反映革命。尤其是结尾脍炙人口的诗句,既概括了自然现象,也深刻地揭示了人类社会的历史规律,指出了革命斗争经过艰难曲折走向胜利的光明前景,寓意深远,余味无穷,一百多年来成了人们广泛传诵的名言警句。
回答者:_北冥有鱼_ - 见习魔法师 三级 11-25 19:28
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西风颂
1
哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!
你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,
有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:
黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,
呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你
以车驾把有翼的种子催送到
黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里,
像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,
直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起
她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,
(唤出嫩芽,象羊群一样,觅食空中)
将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;
破坏者兼保护者:听吧,你且聆听!
2
没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,
流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯
脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者:它们飘落
在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,
有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,
从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿
直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳
欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年
你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜
将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶,
里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;
那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌
黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:哦,你听!
3
是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,
而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,
被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,
就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,
它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁
在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,
而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,
那芬芳真迷人欲醉!呵,为了给你
让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波
把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底
那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林
虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;
听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:
一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:哦,你听!
4
哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,
假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,
是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,
假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如
你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!
假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞
便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空
(因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,
似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今
这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
哦,举起我吧,当我是水波、树叶、浮云!
我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了!
这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命
原是和你一样:骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
5
把我当作你的竖琴吧,有如树林:
尽管我的叶落了,那有什么关系!
你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐
将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意:
虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵,但愿你给予我
狂暴的精神!奋勇者呵,让我们合一!
请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落,
让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命!
哦,请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌,
就把我的话语,像是灰烬和火星
从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散!
让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇
把昏睡的大地唤醒吧!要是冬天
已经来了,西风呵,春日怎能遥远?
Ode to the West Wind(西 风 颂)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
I
1 O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
2 Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
3 Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
4 Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
5 Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
6 Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
7 The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
8 Each like a corpse within its grave, until
9 Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
10 Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
11 (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
12 With living hues and odours plain and hill:
13 Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
14 Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
II
15 Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
16 Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
17 Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
18 Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
19 On the blue surface of thine a{:e}ry surge,
20 Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
21 Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
22 Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
23 The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge
24 Of the dying year, to which this closing night
25 Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
26 Vaulted with all thy congregated might
27 Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
28 Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!
III
29 Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
30 The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
31 Lull'd by the coil of his cryst{`a}lline streams,
32 Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
33 And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
34 Quivering within the wave's intenser day,
35 All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
36 So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
37 For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
38 Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
39 The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
40 The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
41 Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
42 And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!
IV
43 If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
44 If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;
45 A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share
46 The impulse of thy strength, only less free
47 Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
48 I were as in my boyhood, and could be
49 The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,
50 As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
51 Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
52 As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
53 Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
54 I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
55 A heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd
56 One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
V
57 Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
58 What if my leaves are falling like its own!
59 The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
60 Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
61 Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
62 My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
63 Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
64 Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth!
65 And, by the incantation of this verse,
66 Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth
67 Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
68 Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
69 The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
70 If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
参考:雪莱 If winter comes
http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%D1%A9%C0%B3+If+winter+comes&cl=3
“If winter comes
http://64.233.161.104/search?hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1&q=%E2%80%9CIf+winter+comes&btnG=%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2&lr=
西风颂
1
哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!
你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,
有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:
黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,
呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你
以车驾把有翼的种子催送到
黑暗的冬床上,它们就躺在那里,
像是墓中的死穴,冰冷,深藏,低贱,
直等到春天,你碧空的姊妹吹起
她的喇叭,在沉睡的大地上响遍,
(唤出嫩芽,象羊群一样,觅食空中)
将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵,你无处不远行;
破坏者兼保护者:听吧,你且聆听!
2
没入你的急流,当高空一片混乱,
流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯
脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者:它们飘落
在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面,
有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁,
从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿
直抵九霄的中天,到处都在摇曳
欲来雷雨的卷发,对濒死的一年
你唱出了葬歌,而这密集的黑夜
将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶,
里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结;
那是你的浑然之气,从它会迸涌
黑色的雨,冰雹和火焰:哦,你听!
3
是你,你将蓝色的地中海唤醒,
而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天,
被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦,
就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边,
它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁
在水天辉映的波影里抖颤,
而且都生满青苔、开满花朵,
那芬芳真迷人欲醉!呵,为了给你
让一条路,大西洋的汹涌的浪波
把自己向两边劈开,而深在渊底
那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林
虽然枝叶扶疏,却没有精力;
听到你的声音,它们已吓得发青:
一边颤栗,一边自动萎缩:哦,你听!
4
哎,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起,
假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾,
是一个波浪,和你的威力同喘息,
假如我分有你的脉搏,仅仅不如
你那么自由,哦,无法约束的生命!
假如我能像在少年时,凌风而舞
便成了你的伴侣,悠游天空
(因为呵,那时候,要想追你上云霄,
似乎并非梦幻),我就不致像如今
这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
哦,举起我吧,当我是水波、树叶、浮云!
我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了!
这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命
原是和你一样:骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
5
把我当作你的竖琴吧,有如树林:
尽管我的叶落了,那有什么关系!
你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐
将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意:
虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵,但愿你给予我
狂暴的精神!奋勇者呵,让我们合一!
请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落,
让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命!
哦,请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌,
就把我的话语,像是灰烬和火星
从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散!
让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇
把昏睡的大地唤醒吧!要是冬天
已经来了,西风呵,春日怎能遥远?
Ode to the West Wind(西 风 颂)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
I
1 O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
2 Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
3 Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
4 Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
5 Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
6 Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
7 The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
8 Each like a corpse within its grave, until
9 Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
10 Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
11 (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
12 With living hues and odours plain and hill:
13 Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
14 Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!
II
15 Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
16 Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
17 Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
18 Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread
19 On the blue surface of thine a{:e}ry surge,
20 Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
21 Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
22 Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
23 The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge
24 Of the dying year, to which this closing night
25 Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
26 Vaulted with all thy congregated might
27 Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
28 Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!
III
29 Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
30 The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
31 Lull'd by the coil of his cryst{`a}lline streams,
32 Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
33 And saw in sleep old palaces and towers
34 Quivering within the wave's intenser day,
35 All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
36 So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
37 For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
38 Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
39 The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
40 The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
41 Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
42 And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!
IV
43 If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
44 If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;
45 A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share
46 The impulse of thy strength, only less free
47 Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
48 I were as in my boyhood, and could be
49 The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,
50 As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
51 Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
52 As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
53 Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
54 I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
55 A heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd
56 One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
V
57 Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
58 What if my leaves are falling like its own!
59 The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
60 Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
61 Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
62 My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
63 Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
64 Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth!
65 And, by the incantation of this verse,
66 Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth
67 Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
68 Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
69 The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
70 If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
某天我们上英语课是有说到的